Chiseled info

Map making  Mapmaking involves accurate measurement. Today almost every inch of Earth's land area has been mapped some areas in greater detail than others.  Occens and seafloors has been extensively charted, too , though generally in less detail than the land . Maps must also be continuously devised to reflect changes in boundaries , place names , humans structure and natural phenomena.         Surveying in the broad sense is the science of determining the exact size , shape and location of a given land or undersea area . Some surveying still is done on the ground using mathematical methods such as triangulation and traditional instruments nsuch as the odolites and tellurometers or their electronic equivalents.                 Mapping coasts and charting the open seas involves another set of measuring techniques that use some of the same mathematical methods as alnd based surveying . Data gathering also relies on instruments that have enabled navigator and cartographers

What is an Armillary sphere ? An Armillary sphere is globe made of moveable , concentric rings that depict such things as horizon , meridian , Equator ,tropics and polar circles. The earliest known complete Armillary ks attributed to the Greeks in the early second century AD . Ptolemy created one to promote his geocentric vision of the cosmos . In 1543 , German mathematician Casper Vogel constructed an Armillary sphere that supported Ptolemy's theory . In the same year , Copernicus published his revolutionary treaties placing the sun at the centre of the solar system.   Afterward , Ptolemaic and Copernican sphere were exhibited together to display the difference between the two versions of the cosmos.      Vogels 1543 Armillary placed Earth in the centre of many planetary orbits . " The Egyptian Nile surpasses all rivers of the earth in sweetness of taste ,  - IBN Battuta , 1325 " That's a in this article 😃 . Please make sure to follow my blog/website. Th

Globe A globe can be terrestrial a spherical representation of the earth or celestial a spherical representation of the heavens . Both types were constructed in ancient Greece and China . The earliest globe's were small and made of marble , metal or wood , with etched or painte surfaces.  The earliest known celestial globe form's part of the "Farnes Atlas ," a Roman copy of a Greek statue . Atlas holds a sphere some 26 inches across showing the constellations.              In 1492 The Nurnberg Mapmaker Martin Behaim made a globe from a mold using wood strips , plaster , and fiber . Soon other mapmakers were covering balls with map segments called globe gore's , printed map segments with tapered points . Dutch artist Albrecht Durer published rules for preparing globe gores in 1525 . A more formal illustrated guide appeared in 1527 , published in Basel by Henricus Glareanus. He proposed using 12 globe segments, each representation 30 degrees of longitude

EVOLUTION OF MAPS  The history of mapping Some form of mapmaking whether scribbles in sand , measurements on chiseled stone , or scared geog in songs and art is common to all cultures. The earliest surviving maps and charts come from ancie Babylonia and Egypt . By the third millennium B.C ., both possessed the necessary mathematical and drafting skills and the bureaucracy for surveying and mapping . Babylonian cartography was mostly practical , whereas Egyptian maps rendered mythical lands and routes to the afterlife .             The Greeks laid the scientific foundation of Western cartagraphy while investigating the nature of the Earth and the universe . The Romans mostly mapped properties , towns plans , and roads . At the same time , the Chinese incorporated art and verbal narrative into their maps , yet they also were concerned with military planning and state security . Japan and Korea tended  to rely on China for their world maps , adding themselves to the fringes.

How map was made ?? The world in maps                 Think of how hard it is to peel an orange and press the resulting pieces of peel down flat on a table . That analogy represents the challenge faced by the mapmaker , who attempts to turn the spherical planet Earth into a flat visual representation. To tackle the challenge -- getting the surface of a sphere to lie flat cartographers use shape that lend themselves to flattening , such as planes , cones , and cylinders , known as developable surfaces .           By applying mathematical calculation to the developable surfaces, they can transform Earth's features into flat form's. Those forms are called projections and they rep the cha of mapmaking through the centuries.                Projections inevitable results in distortions . Those  distortions can be controlled to some de by the choice of map shape , which depends on which part of the planet is of most interest to the cartographer .            

What is Geography ??          Since their earliest presence on Earth, humans have sought to make sense of their surrounding the behaviour of a volcano , the flood cycles of a river , or the optimum time to cross a mountain pass - and humans developed ways to record and pass on such information . As they ventured from their places of origin , by land and by sea , people aquired a broader perspective of Earth's process and of the partterns and impact of human settlement throughout the world                       Ancient cultures such as the Egyptian , Phoenician and Chinese amassed Geographical understanding , but few of those records survive , and so the Greeks have become today's main source of early knowledge . Homer's epics , The liad and The odyssey , written in the ninth century B.C ., reveal the Greeks as intrepid travelers and keen observers of distant lands . They also excelled in scientific inquiry . Aristotle , for example , sought to determine the size